Another significant achievement is the cyberbrain, a mechanical casing for the human brain that allows access to the Internet and other networks. In 2029, with the advancement of cybernetic technology, the human body can be "augmented" or even completely replaced with cybernetic parts. Oshii directed Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence, released in 2004, which was billed as a separate work and a non-canon sequel. Īn updated version of the film, Ghost in the Shell 2.0, was released in 2008, featuring newly added digital effects, additional 3D animation and new audio. It inspired filmmakers such as the Wachowskis, creators of the Matrix films, and James Cameron, who described it as "the first truly adult animation film to reach a level of literary and visual excellence". It has since grown in esteem and is now considered to be one of the best anime and science-fiction films of all time. The film was initially considered a box-office failure before developing a cult following on home video. Upon release, Ghost in the Shell received positive reviews, with critics praising its narrative, visuals, and musical score.
The film's visuals were created through a combination of traditional cel animation and CGI animation. The music, composed by Kenji Kawai, includes vocals in classical Japanese language. The narrative incorporates philosophical themes that focus on self-identity in a technologically advanced world. The film is set in 2029 Japan, and follows Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg public-security agent, who hunts a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master. It is a Japanese-British international co-production, executive produced by Kodansha, Bandai Visual and Manga Entertainment, with animation provided by Production I.G. It stars the voices of Atsuko Tanaka, Akio Ōtsuka, and Iemasa Kayumi. The film is based on the manga of the same name by Masamune Shirow and was written for the screen by Kazunori Itō. Ghost in the Shell is a 1995 Japanese animated neo-noir cyberpunk thriller film directed by Mamoru Oshii.
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